http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12969/4764 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 19:20:28 GMT 2026-04-23T19:20:28Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12969/4767 BORDER CLOSURE AND COVID-19: IMPACT ON THE LODGING AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS IN TACNA (PERÚ); [CIERRE DE FRONTERA Y COVID-19 EN LA HISTORIA RECIENTE: IMPACTO EN EL RUBRO DE HOSPEDAJES Y RESTAURANTES EN TACNA (PERÚ)] Tapia, Marcela; Dammert, Manuel; Jimenez, Ricardo; Pastor, Marly The COVID-19 pandemic caused the stoppage of the movement of people globally, a situation that especially affected tourism as an economic activity. This article addresses the impact of the closure of the Peruvian-Chilean border during the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel and gastronomic sector of Tacna. Through a qualitative methodology that included a bibliographic review, economic data analysis, and semi-structured interviews with hotel and restaurant owners and managers, we investigated the problems they had to face during the pandemic and the strategies to overcome them. The findings indicate that until March 2020 both items experienced strong growth within the framework of cross-border practices from Chileans to Tacna, within which enjoying Peruvian food was one of the main attractions. The pandemic forced small hotels and restaurants to deploy strategies such as layoffs and the provision of family labor to overcome the crisis and convert to delivery food. The largest and most formalized companies accessed subsidies and support from the state and in other cases, the reconversion was hand in hand with agreements with mining companies to house workers while the health emergency lasted. © (2024), (Universidad de Tarapaca). All rights reserved. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12969/4767 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12969/4766 Exposure to Aluminum in Drinking Water and the Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Evaluation Cutipa-Díaz, Yvonne Magali; Huanacuni-Lupaca, César; Limache-Sandoval, Elmer Marcial; Mamani-Huanca, Delia Yolanda; Sánchez-Esquiche, Walter Mauricio; Rubira-Otarola, David Gonzalo; Gutiérrez-Cueva, Roxana Nardy; Sacari Sacari, Elisban Juani The consumption of drinking water containing aluminum levels that exceed regulatory limits (e.g., the WHO’s guideline value of 0.1–0.2 mg/L) may be associated with the potential risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. However, according to the analyses conducted, it was observed that the scientific evidence on this topic is still limited and contradictory within the scientific community. A bibliometric analysis of 390 articles published between 1979 and 2023 and a systematic review of 20 original articles found that interest in this topic has been decreasing in recent years. The most recent studies focus on the relationship between aluminum and Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting that exposure to high levels of aluminum in drinking water may increase the risk of developing this disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, other studies have concluded that there is no clear causal relationship between aluminum and Alzheimer’s disease. These studies suggest that other factors, such as age, genetics, or exposure to other toxins, may play a more significant role in the development of this condition. More comprehensive studies with improved methodological quality are needed to better understand the relationship between aluminum and Alzheimer’s disease and to establish a definitive conclusion on this subject. Of the 20 articles systematically reviewed, 12 (60%) reported a positive association between aluminum exposure in drinking water and increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, while 8 (40%) found no significant association. Five studies (25%) were large-scale epidemiological investigations with robust methodologies. However, the current evidence remains insufficient to establish a definitive causal relationship, highlighting the need for more conclusive research in this area © 2024 by the authors. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12969/4766 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12969/4765 ASSESSING THE DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTED AREAS: LANDSCAPE GEOGRAPHY IN LOMAS AND TILLANDSIALES OF SOUTHWESTERN PERU; [Evaluación del diseño y gestión de áreas protegidas: Geografía del paisaje en Lomas y Tillandsiales del Suroeste Peruano] Navarro, Marco; Paredes, Melina; Pezo, Miguel; Oyague, Eduardo Coastal desert ecosystems, such as the Lomas and Tillandsiales, are essential for the well-being of local populations, providing vital ecosystem goods and services, including climate regulation and water supply. These ecosystems are nationally recognized as important conservation targets. However, the Lomas and Tillandsiales in Tacna have been adversely affected and ecologically degraded due to uncontrolled population growth and inadequate regulation of human activities, such as agriculture, mining, and livestock grazing. Therefore, it is crucial to implement effective conservation strategies. Despite this need, when governmental entities delineate territories for potential protected areas, existing land use is often prioritized, leading to the exclusion of areas under current use rather than considering geographical criteria or ecological attributes of these vital ecosystems. This practice raises questions about the effectiveness of conservation efforts. To assess the proposed polygons for new protected areas by regional authorities, we compared these with natural ecosystem boundaries using various geographical tools. This comparison revealed substantial differences in geographical, ecological, and landscape metrics, indicating a decrease in ecological similarity and potentially lower effectiveness for conservation. We identified variations in geomorphological and morphometric diversity, with extreme cases showing coefficients of variability of 56% for the Gravelius index, 52% for the altitude index, and 43% for the morphometric protection index. These factors are critical as they strongly correlate with biodiversity, ecological processes, and the provision of ecosystem services, which are the main goals of conservation. Given these discrepancies, the newly proposed conservation area may inadequately fulfill its objectives. Once designated, the authorities should design and implement a management model that prioritizes expanding the protected areas to their natural limits, promoting restoration, and conducting ongoing monitoring of the metrics outlined in this research. Conservation should not merely involve declaring a spatial area as a reserve; it also requires defining these spaces based on tools and geographical knowledge to ensure the adequate protection and conservation of the Lomas and Tillandsiales ecosystems. © 2025, The authors. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12969/4765 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z